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예수님의 수세 (마 3:13-17)맛집 (블로그..)/5분 말씀 2025. 1. 8. 20:58
예수님이 세례 받으신 사건은 문자 그대로 사건이다. 왜냐하면 구속주이시고 심판주이신 주님이 세례 요한이 설파한 회개의 표징인 세례를 받았기 때문이다. 이는 자칫 예수께서 회개할 것이 있다는 의미로 해석될 수 있기 때문이다.(주1) 이러한 점은 세례 요한의 말에서도 알 수 있다. 14절에서 그는 이렇게 말한다.
"요한이 말려 이르되 내가 당신에게서 1)세례를 받아야 할 터인데 당신이 내게로 오시나이까" 1) 헬, 또는 침례
이 장면이 드러내는 포인트는 매우 선명하다. 11절에서 그는 이스라엘 백성들에게 자신의 물 세례의 목적이 회개에 있음을 천명하고, 그의 물 세례와 대비되는 불 세례의 주체로 자기 뒤에 오실 분을 말하였다. 이는 세례 요한 역시 그분의 불세례를 받아야 함을 의미하는 말이다. 그랬던 그가 주님을 보고 " 내가 당신에게서 세례를 받아야 할 터인데" 라고 말함으로써 불 세례의 주체되시는 예수님을 드러낸다. 이것이 14절의 핵심이다. 그가 말한 "~터인데"는 "제가 당신의 세례가 필요합니다"라는 의미이다. 그리고 βαπτισθῆναι가 미래능동형인 것이 자신도 그분으로부터 세례 받기를 기다리고 있음을 나타낸다. 따라서 이 장면은 주객이 전도된 사건이 아닐 수 없다.
그렇다면 주님은 왜 주객이 전도된 사건을 세례 요한과 그 주변에 모인 이스라엘 군중들에게 베푸시는가? 동시에 이 본문을 읽는 우리를 포함한 모든 인류에게 베푸시는가? 신학적 의미로는 예언의 성취와 하나님의 의의 실현이다.
하지만 이런 신학적인 함의보다 더 분명하고 의미있는 것은 우리 인간에게 있어서 하나님의 자기 계시는 언제나 주객전도의 사건이라는 것이다. 그것은 또한 하나님의 인간에 대한 사랑의 표시이기도 하다. 새찬송가 90장은 이 사실을 노래한다.
"주 예수 내가 알기 전 날 먼저 사랑했네"
이처럼 하나님의 사랑은 주객전도의 사랑이다. 내가 사랑을 시작한 것이 아니라 하나님이 먼저 시작하신 것이다. 우리는 오직 그 사랑을 감사한 마음으로 받아들이고 감격할 따름이다.
이와 동시에 예수님의 세례 받으신 사건은 하나님의 의에 관해서 성도들에게 가르쳐 주고 계신다. 하나님의 의의 핵심은 순종이라고. 우리가 드리는 기도의 많은 부분은 내 문제에 관한 하나님의 뜻을 알게 해달라는 것이다. 하지만 대부분의 경우 우리는 이미 그것을 알고 있다. 다만 그 뜻에 순종할 마음의 결단이 아직 없기에, 아니면 그렇게 순종하기 싫어서 하나님의 뜻을 바꾸어 달라고 떼를 쓰기 때문에 우리는 아직도 기도하고 있는 것이다. 이 과정에서 우리는 얼마나 많은 오류를 범하고 있는지 깨달아야 한다. 때론 고집스럽게, 때론 반역적으로 하나님의 뜻에 불순종하는 모습들을 성경은 우리에게 보여주며 경종을 울린다. 아담과 하와가 그랬고 가인이 그랬으며 리브가와 야곱도 그랬다. 그 결과 낙원에서 추방되고 광야에서 유리하며 환도뼈가 부러지는 고통을 겪어야 했다.
이제는 이런 고통을 겪지 말자. 그것이 하나님의 뜻이고 사랑이며 의이다. 내 한 심령의 차원에서 예수님의 수세라는 이 주객전도의 사건이 갖는 의미는 바로 이것이다.
[Gracias Choir] G.C.Stebbins : I've Found a Friend / Sooyeon Lee
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1) 마이클 그린은 그의 주석에서 예수님의 세례 받으심이 초래하는 문제점 중 3가지를 말한다. 당연히 첫째는 왜 예수님이 세례를 받아야 하는가? 이다. 둘째는 예수님은 이미 성령을 소유하신 성자이시지 않은가? 이고 셋째는 그렇다면 하늘의 음성의 의미는 무엇인가? 이다. 이에 관한 해당 본문을 아래에 그대로 인용한다.
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But there has always been a cluster of problems surrounding this act of Jesus. Here are three of them.
First, why was Jesus baptized? John was summoning people to repentance. What reason had Jesus to repent? The mid-second-century Gospel according to the Hebrews wrestles with this very point. In it, Jesus is represented as asking, ‘Wherein have I sinned that I should go and be baptized by him?’ Matthew feels the force of that question, and faces it head on with the exchange between Jesus and John. The answer Jesus gave was ‘… to fulfil all righteousness’ (15). In the context here, righteousness refers to that quality of life that was demanded of candidates for baptism by John, who both displayed righteousness in his own life and uncompromisingly challenged others to do the same.20 By submitting to baptism, Jesus acknowledged God’s claim on him as on others for total consecration of life and holiness of character. It is part of his life of obedience, and John, though his ‘inferior’, should feel no embarrassment about taking part in it.
There were other reasons for Jesus’ baptism. This was the moment in which John was publicly to announce the arrival of the Messiah and the start of his ministry. This was the symbolic anticipation of his full and profound baptism on the cross, which lay in the future, when he would taste for everyone the eschatological wrath of God and would proffer to anyone the unspeakable mercy of God. Just as on the cross he was to be fully and ontologically identified with the sins of humankind,21 so it befitted him here, at the outset of his ministry, to set his hand to that awesome plough by undergoing its symbol and sacrament in the Jordan.
A further reason Jesus himself was baptized is not hard to guess. At the end of his ministry he urged baptism upon his followers.22 He is here giving them the example they should follow.23 It is difficult to understand the logic of those Christian groups today who claim they have no need of baptism or any sacraments. Their Master found them needful. And disciples are not higher than their Lord.
Secondly, did not Jesus already possess the Spirit and the sonship? Indeed he did. Matthew is at some pains to show that Jesus was conceived by the agency of the Spirit and was indeed Son of God. But the baptism was the public declaration of it. We must not forget that Jesus was human as well as divine. Must he not have felt many a hesitation about his nature and his mission? And here at this moment of self-humbling and obedience he receives (and others begin to perceive) a profound assurance that he is indeed Son of God, and has indeed been equipped by the Spirit of God to bring in the kingdom. The rabbis expected a great outpouring of the Spirit of God in the eschatological messianic age. Well, it had arrived. And Jerome sees the point: ‘The mystery of the Trinity is revealed in the baptism.’
The dove is fascinating and perplexing. Is it an allusion to Genesis 1:2, depicting Jesus as God’s in creation? Is it, perhaps, an allusion to that celebrated preacher of repentance in the Old Testament, Jonah (for in Hebrew Jonah means ‘dove’)? Or could it be an allusion to the salvation Jesus brings? When Noah survived in the ark the rigours of the flood, a dove he had sent out came and settled on him. And Jesus, who offers salvation in himself from the eschatological destruction of which John has been speaking, is marked out by the descent of the dove. We do not know for sure: nor does Matthew make it clear whether it was John or Jesus who saw the Spirit like a dove descending upon him. Much is wrapped in mystery. What is clear is that Jesus was empowered by the Spirit for his ministry as messianic Son who would preach repentance and the good news of the kingdom.
Thirdly, what did the voice from heaven mean? It meant that the age-long silence was ended. The heavens were no longer brazen and unyielding. The rabbis believed that ‘when Haggai, Zechariah and Malachi, the last of the prophets, died, the Holy Spirit vanished from Israel, but they were allowed to hear the baṯ qôl’. The baṯ qôl meant the ‘echo’, or literally ‘the daughter of the voice’, an inferior substitute for the word of God, which had been withdrawn. It is sometimes said that this is an example of the baṯ qôl. I find the suggestion unpersuasive. This was no feeble substitute for the word of God. It was direct speech by the God who had long been silent. Now, as fulfilment is dawning, God attests his Son.
Amazing as the occurrence of this word from God was, its content was even more astounding. ‘This is my Son, whom I love; with him I am well pleased’ (17). This seems to be a fusion of two Old Testament texts, Psalm 2:7 and Isaiah 42:1.24 Psalm 2 addresses the king as ‘son’ of God. The kings had proved very disappointing sons, however, and there was a profound expectation and hope in Israel that one day God would bring into the world a messianic Son, a ruler worthy to inherit David’s throne. There is now firm evidence from Qumran to show that ‘Son of God’ was a pre-Christian messianic title in Palestinian Judaism. The voice from heaven announced that the ultimate messianic ruler, the true Son, had come.
But that was only half the message. The other half, addressing Jesus as (literally) ‘the Beloved, with whom I am well pleased’, takes us back to the chosen servant of Yahweh, whose destiny is to suffer abuse and opposition, and eventually to die for the sins of the people.25 The Isaiah passage continues, ‘I will put my Spirit on him.’26 That is what the voice from heaven meant! God Almighty was bringing in his long-promised deliverer to usher in the kingdom. He was both messianic Son and suffering Servant. And the descent of the Spirit not only marked him out for this ministry, but equipped him for the task.
20 Matt. 21:32.
21 E.g. 2 Cor. 5:21; Gal. 3:13.
22 Matt. 28:19.
23 Matthew’s expression ‘Spirit of God’ (v. 16) emphasizes the trinitarian aspect of Jesus’ baptism, and its continuity with Christian baptism in the name of the Trinity (28:19).
24 Both texts were taken as messianic in the Qumran community, as it awaited God’s salvation (4Q Florilegium 10–14).
25 Is. 42:1–53:12.
26 Is. 42:1.
Michael Green, The message of Matthew: the kingdom of heaven, The Bible Speaks Today (Leicester, England; Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2001), 80–82.</인용>
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